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FACWORLD EZINE
The Facilities, Mechanical, Electrical Resource Center

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Sept 1, 2004
Editor: Thomas Yoon

contact: http://www.free-marine.com/emailform.htm
Publisher: Facworld Ezine


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Publisher's Note
Featured Ad
Article
Facworld Free Classified Ads
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Publisher's Note
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Hi there,

Mechanical machines need lubrication. No machines can run for
long without lubrication of its moving parts. At best, the
moving parts may wear out faster. At worst, entire machines
can seize up and develop cracks. In severe conditions, the
heat built up can even cause explosions and loss of lives.

So lubrication is no small matter in machine operation.

Lubrication oil can last for a very long time in normal machine
operation. By determining the properties of lubrication oil,
many machine operators will be able to know whether the oil can
still be used.

Some of the important properties to watch for when buying or
replacing lubrication oil is as follows:

Viscosity
Viscosity Index
Pour Point
Oxidation Resistance
Flash Point, Fire Point
Alkalinity
Additives

Some of the additives that are put into the lubrication oil
include the following:

Anti Oxidant - Amines, Phenols
Corrosion Inhibitor
Detergent and Dispersant - Ca, Ba, Compounds, Soaps
Alkalinity - Ca, Ba Hydroxides
Anti Bacterial - Biocides
Oiliness or Wetting Agents - fatty oils, chlorinated wax
Extreme Pressure Agents - organic compounds of Cl, S, P (for
hydraulic, gear oil)
Pour Point Depressant - Organic polymers (alkyl naphthalene)
(for steering gear, refrigerator)
Anti foam - Silicones
Viscosity Index Improvers - organic polymers
Emulsifying Agent - Polar Compounds (emulsifying but do not
lose lubricating property)

With large machines that use large amounts of lubrication oil
the engineer has to determine when to change the oil. This is
because the change can be a very expensive affair.

The correct thing to do is to determine whether the oil can
still be used without changing. The engineer must know exactly
when to change the oil. He will take measurements of various
parameters to help him decide.

That could be a subject for another coming facworld ezine
article.

The contents of this page are part of a page from my e-book
"General Engineering Knowledge Notes" that will help candidates
prepare for the Marine Certificate of Competency Examinations.
This e-book is available for FREE downloading at
http://www.free-marine.com/ebook.htm


Until next time...

Thomas Yoon
Editor, Facworld Ezine
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CREATING CASH FLOW PROJECTIONS YOU CAN TRUST
© By Philip Campbell - http://www.neverrunoutofcash.com

Trying to run a successful business without cash flow
projections is like driving along on the freeway in a driving
rainstorm without turning on your windshield wipers.

You can't see the cars in front of you or behind you. You
slow down to a crawl. You're just hoping and praying the rain
stops before you end up in a terrible accident.

Cash flow projections provide you the visibility you need to
avoid problems and create the financial success you deserve.

Cash Flow Projections Made Easy
Creating cash flow projections does not have to be a difficult
process. It is really a matter of using a few basic principles
together with your intuition and knowledge about your business.

Here is a 5-step process you can use to create cash flow
projections you can trust.

1. The Near Future Almost Always Looks a Lot Like the Recent
Past.
The starting point for creating accurate cash flow projections
is to have the last six months of actual results in front of
you. You have a perfect view into what the cash flow is likely
to be because you have the last six months of actual cash flow
results there to look at. You will be amazed at how this
principle will help you create accurate projections. It also
helps make the process so much easier and faster for you.

2. Consider What is Changing.
Is anything in the business changing right now in a significant
way? If you just negotiated a 10% discount in the cost of a
product you re-sell to your customers, then you should consider
whether it should be reflected in the month you will experience
the reduced cost. The key here is to make sure it is significant
enough that you are certain of its impact. Otherwise, it would
be better to see the impact in your actual results before
including it in your projections.

3. Be Conservative.
One thing about a projection you can be certain of: it will not
be perfectly accurate. You can be 100% certain that the actual
results will vary somewhat from what you project. The trick is
to get close. It's like meeting someone for lunch. You agree to
meet a good friend at a restaurant at 12:00. You set 12:00 as
the time to meet so you will both be there at about the same
time. You set a very specific time so there is no confusion.
Despite the precise time you set, you know that both of you will
not show up at exactly 12:00. The only question is whether you
will be there a little before 12:00 or a little after 12:00.
Will you be early or will you be late? It's the same with your
cash flow projections.

4. The 90% Test.
Here is a simple test that will work wonders for you. Are you 90%
sure the cash balances will come in at or better than you
projected? The key here is the phrase "at or better than you
projected". If you can answer yes to this question with confidence,
then your projections are sufficiently conservative.

5. Use the "Smell Test".
Take a look at the projections again. Look closely at the resulting
cash balances. Are they in line with your general expectations? Are
they in line with the actual cash balances over the last six months?

Give the projected cash balances the "smell test". The smell test
is a quick way to make sure everything smells right. It's a way to
make sure nothing unusual or unexpected has made its way into your
numbers. It's like picking up a gallon of milk from the refrigerator.
It's not a bad idea to give it the quick smell test to make sure you
are not about to pour yourself a glass of soured milk (better to
smell a problem in advance than taste it in the present, right!).

Taking Control of Your Cash Flow
Your cash flow projections provide you the visibility you need to
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You will be surprised at how this simple process can transform the
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Thomas Yoon, Publisher/Editor
4186 Bagan Luar Road
12000 Butterworth
Malaysia

Contact me at http://www.free-marine.com/emailform.htm


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